![]() also have an absolute requirement for manganese butĭo not require iron for growth ( Imbert and Blondeau, 1998). The causative agent of Lyme disease, use manganese and iron is not required ( Posey and Gherardini, 2000). All of the metalloproteins in Borrelia burgdorferi, (reviewed by Jakubovics and Jenkinson, 2001). Manganese is known to be required for both endospore formation and germination in Bacillus spp. Since been found in other bacteria (reviewed by Que and Reynolds, 2000). Additional examples of these enzymes, which were previously known in only iron-containing forms, have The first known manganese-containing aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase was discovered inīacillus brevis. Manganese is an essential component of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II in plantsĪnd cyanobacteria ( Keren et al, 2002). Superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide (reviewed by Have been described and some bacteria also use low molecular weight Mn(II) complexes to scavenge Two manganese enzymes that protect bacterial cellsįrom active oxygen species, superoxide dismutase and pseudocatalase, In general, the relevant redox functions of manganese inĮnzymes come into play largely with oxygen as the substrate Several hydrolytic enzyme-catalyzed reactions (reviewed by Crowley et al, 2000). Manganese also acts as a superacid catalyst in In this regard, manganese has been useful in substitutionsĪnd EPR spectroscopic probes of active site architecture andĬatalysis (reviewed by Reed and Poyner, 2000). Of enzymes and, in some cases, substrates such as Mn ATP. With this group in providing structural charge stabilization So it is not surprising that there is overlap in function Is largely restricted to Mn 2+ complexes.īoth Mn 2+ and Mn 3+ are found in enzymes. ![]() Than any other element, but the aqueous chemistry of manganese Manganese can exist in 11 oxidation states (+7 to -3), more Manganese has a multi-faceted role in biological systems.
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